consolidating private student loans 关于联邦债务巩固贷款学生

巩固私人学生贷款-四好处，你不能忽视

联邦债务巩固贷款学生

For American students, the US Government came up with a plan that can help a student manage their student loan debt.对于美国学生，美国政府想出了一项计划，可以帮助学生管理自己的学生贷款债务。 The plan they came up with is called a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan.该计划，他们想出了所谓的联邦直接巩固贷款。 It does not matter if you are a recent graduate student, well into your career already, still at school, or in your grace period for repayment of a student loan.不要紧，如果你是一个近期的研究生，以及到您的职业生涯已经，仍然在学校里，或在您的宽限期，以便偿还学生贷款。 For any of those student categories, a Federal debt consolidation loan may be applied for.任何这些学生分类，联邦债务巩固贷款可申请。

Students successful in their application for a federal debt consolidation loan may reduce the amount they need to repay each month, or increase the time that they have to pay off their current debt.学生成功的在其申请的联邦债务巩固贷款可能会减少的数额他们需要偿还每个月，或增加时间，他们要付出的小康，他们目前的债务。

How Does a Federal Debt Consolidation Loan Help a Student Pay Off Their Debt? 请问一个联邦债务合并贷款，帮助学生支付其债务？

For a student who has student loans under several different programs, bringing them all together under one direct Federal Debt Consolidation Loan can make your debts easier to manage.一名学生谁已助学贷款下的几个不同的程序，把他们一起下的一个直接联邦债务巩固贷款可以让您的债务，更易于管理。 By combining all of your loans into one, you're only responsible for making one payment to one lender - the US Government.结合您所有的贷款成一个，您只负责决策一金一贷款人-美国政府。 To help make the option of debt consolidation more attractive, there are four flexible payment plans available, including two that which take income and/or income expectations into account.以帮助作出的选择，债务巩固更具吸引力，有4个灵活的付款计划提供，其中包括两名即采取收入和/或收入的期望，进入帐户。

The Federal Debt Consolidation Loan is Available to Help you Manage your Student Debt. 联邦债务巩固贷款是可以帮助您管理您的学生债务。

Student loan debt is not something that you want dragging at your feet like a ball and chain.学生贷款的债务是不是您想要拖在您的脚像一个球链。 It provides a good opportunity for students to learn to manage their finances.它提供了一个很好的机会，让学生学习管理自己的财政状况。 Even if you are still at school, it is a good time to learn to manage your debt.即使你仍然是在学校，这是一个很好的时间去学习，来管理您的债务。 That will hold you in good stead as a consumer long into the future.将举行你在良好的稳定作为一个消费者，只要到未来。 For example, if you choose to consolidate all your student debts into one before you leave school, you can lock in an interest rate that as much as .6% lower than if you attempt to refinance later, after you have left and are no longer a student.举例来说，如果您选择，以巩固您所有的学生债转股前，你一离开学校，可以锁定在一利息高达0.6 ％ ，低于如果您尝试再融资后，当您已离开，并不再一名学生。

For more how a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan can help lower your repayments, and manage your student debt, you can visit the Department of Education's web site.更多的是如何巩固联邦直接贷款可以帮助降低您的还款，并管理您的学生的债务，您可以访问教育署的网站上。 Once there, you can make use of their online debt calculator at https://loanconsolidation.ed.gov to estimate your projected monthly payment under the various plans.一旦在那里，您可以利用他们的网上债务计算器在https ： / / loanconsolidation.ed.gov估计您预计每月付款下的各项计划。

Can a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan help you manage your debt? 可以直接巩固联邦贷款帮助您管理您的债务？

There could be reasons why debt consolidation is not the best solution for any particular student.有可能的原因，债务合并是不是最好的解决办法作任何特定的学生。 If a student is close to the end of their repayment term, for example, it may not be worth the work to consolidate.如果一个学生是接近年底，他们的还款期，例如，它可能不值得的工作，以巩固。 Prolonging the life of your loan is likely to increase the amount you pay overall.延长生命您的贷款很可能会增加，您支付的金额的整体。 If you can afford the higher monthly payments to pay off the debt sooner, you can ultimately save money by doing so.如果你能负担得起较高的按月付款，以还清债务迟早，您可以节省金钱，最终由这样做。

If, however, you are sure that a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan will be to your benefit, you still need to be eligible for the program.然而，如果您不相信，一个联邦直接巩固贷款将到您的利益，您仍然需要，才有资格申请程序。 The eligibility guidelines can be found at loanconsolidation.ed.gove/borrower/beligible.html In addition, the list of loans that are eligible for consolidation can be viewed at: loanconsolidation.ed.gov.borrower/bloans.html资格准则，可以发现在loanconsolidation.ed.gove /借款/ beligible.html此外，该名单的贷款有资格得到巩固可以在以下网址查看： loanconsolidation.ed.gov.borrower / bloans.html

Which Federal Student Loan Consolidation Plan is the most suitable for you? 其中，联邦学生贷款巩固计划是最适合你？

Here are the 4 consolidation loan consolidation plans that are available to choose from:这里是4巩固贷款巩固计划中有哪些可供选择：

Standard : The standard repayment plan is fixed-rate, and runs for a maximum of 10 years. 标准 ：标准还款计划是固定利率，并运行为最多十年。 The minimum monthly payment is $50.每月最低付款是50元。

Extended Repayment Plan : this is a fixed rate plan, with payments extending over the course of 12-30 years. 延长还款计划 ：这是一个固定汇率的计划，付款延伸的过程中年12月30日。 Payments are a minimum of $50, and the life of the loan is dependent on the total amount of the debt.金是最低限度的50元，和生活贷款是依赖于总金额的债务。

Graduated Repayment Plan : Under the graduated plan, payments start low and increase, generally every two years. 毕业还款计划 ：根据毕业计划，付款开始低和增加，一般每隔两年。 The length of the repayment period can vary from 12 right up to 30 years.长还款期可以有所不同，从12权长达30年。

Income Contingent Repayment Plan : The monthly payment is based on a borrower's annual adjusted gross income, family size and the total amount of direct loans. 收入队伍的还款计划 ：按月付款是基于对借款人的年度调整的总收入，家庭规模和总金额的直接贷款。

If your student loan debt is out of control, or could be better managed, it is worth paying a visit to:如果您的学生贷款债务是失去控制，或可更好地管理，这是值得付出的访问Federal student loan debt consolidation 

For American students, the US Government came up with a plan that can help a student manage their student loan debt. For U.S. students, the U.S. government come up with a plan to help students manage their student loan debt. The plan they came up with is called a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan. The plan, they come up with the so-called federal direct consolidation loan. It does not matter if you are a recent graduate student, well into your career already, still at school, or in your grace period for repayment of a student loan. It does not matter if you are a recent graduate, and to your career Has been, still in school, or in your grace period to repay student loans. For any of those student categories, a Federal debt consolidation loan may be applied for. Classification of any of these students, the federal debt consolidation loans can apply.

Students successful in their application for a federal debt consolidation loan may reduce the amount they need to repay each month, or increase the time that they have to pay off their current debt. Success of the students in their applications for federal debt consolidation loans may be reduced They need to repay the amount per month, or more time, they have to pay a well-off, their current debt.

How Does a Federal Debt Consolidation Loan Help a Student Pay Off Their Debt? Ask a federal debt consolidation loans to help students pay their debt »

For a student who has student loans under several different programs, bringing them all together under one direct Federal Debt Consolidation Loan can make your debts easier to manage. A student who has student loans under several different procedures, to join them Under a direct federal debt consolidation loans can make your debt, easier to manage. By combining all of your loans into one, you're only responsible for making one payment to one lender - the US Government. Combination of all of your loans into one, you are only responsible for decision-making a payment of a loan - the United States Government. To help make the option of debt consolidation more attractive, there are four flexible payment plans available, including two that which take income and / or income expectations into account. To help make the choice, debt consolidation more attractive, there are four flexibility Payment plan available, including two that take income and / or earnings expectations, into the account.

The Federal Debt Consolidation Loan is Available to Help you Manage your Student Debt. Federation debt consolidation loans can help you manage your student debt.

Student loan debt is not something that you want dragging at your feet like a ball and chain. Student loan debt is not you want to drag your feet like a ball chain. It provides a good opportunity for students to learn to manage their finances. It provides a good opportunity for students to learn to manage their own financial position. Even if you are still at school, it is a good time to learn to manage your debt. Even if you are still in school, this is a good time to learn to manage your debt. That will hold you in good stead as a consumer long into the future. Will hold you in good stability as a consumer, as long as into the future. For example, if you choose to consolidate all your student debts into one before you leave school, you can lock in an interest rate that as much as .6% lower than if you attempt to refinance later, after you have left and are no longer a student. For example, if you choose to consolidate all of your student debt before you leave a school, you can lock in an interest rate as high as 0.6 percent, lower than if you try to re-financing, when you have left, And no longer a student.

For more how a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan can help lower your repayments, and manage your student debt, you can visit the Department of Education's web site. More is how the federal direct loan consolidation can help lower your payments, and manage your The student debt, you can visit the website of the Education Department. Once there, you can make use of their online debt calculator at https: / / loanconsolidation.ed.gov to estimate your projected monthly payment under the various plans. Once there, you can use their online debt calculator at https: / / Loanconsolidation.ed.gov is expected to estimate your monthly payment under the scheme.

Can a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan help you manage your debt? Can consolidate federal loans to help you manage your debt »

There could be reasons why debt consolidation is not the best solution for any particular student. Likely cause, debt consolidation is not the best solution for any particular students. If a student is close to the end of their repayment term, for example, it may not be worth the work to consolidate. If a student is close to the end of their repayment period, for example, it may not be worth the work to consolidate . Prolonging the life of your loan is likely to increase the amount you pay overall. Extend the life of your loan is likely to increase, the amount you pay is as a whole. If you can afford the higher monthly payments to pay off the debt sooner, you can ultimately save money by doing so. If you can afford the higher monthly payment to pay off debt sooner or later, you can save money, eventually By doing so.

If, however, you are sure that a Federal Direct Consolidation Loan will be to your benefit, you still need to be eligible for the program. However, if you do not believe that a federal direct consolidation loan will be to your benefit, you still need to In order to be eligible application procedures. The eligibility guidelines can be found at loanconsolidation.ed.gove / borrower / beligible.html In addition, the list of loans that are eligible for consolidation can be viewed at: loanconsolidation.ed.gov.borrower / bloans.html eligibility criteria, Found in loanconsolidation.ed.gove / borrower / beligible.html In addition, the list of loans eligible for consolidation can be viewed at: loanconsolidation.ed.gov.borrower / bloans.html

Which Federal Student Loan Consolidation Plan is the most suitable for you? Them, the federal student loan consolidation plan is best for you »

Here are the 4 consolidation loan consolidation plans that are available to choose from: This is the consolidation of four loan consolidation plans that are available for selection:

Standard: The standard repayment plan is fixed-rate, and runs for a maximum of 10 years. Criteria: the standard repayment plan is a fixed rate of interest, and run for up to 10 years. The minimum monthly payment is $ 50. Minimum monthly payment is 50 yuan.

Extended Repayment Plan: this is a fixed rate plan, with payments extending over the course of 12-30 years. Extending the repayment plan: This is a fixed exchange rate scheme, extension of the payment process of middle-aged December 30. Payments are a minimum of $ 50, and the life of the loan is dependent on the total amount of the debt. Is the minimum level of 50 yuan, and the life of the loan is dependent on the total amount of debt.

Graduated Repayment Plan: Under the graduated plan, payments start low and increase, generally every two years. Graduated repayment plan: According to graduation plan, payments start low and increase every two years in general. The length of the repayment period can vary from 12 right up to 30 years. Long repayment period can vary from 12 to up to 30.

Income Contingent Repayment Plan: The monthly payment is based on a borrower's annual adjusted gross income, family size and the total amount of direct loans. Income contingent repayment plans: monthly payment is based on the borrower's annual adjusted gross income , Family size and the total amount of direct loans.

If your student loan debt is out of control, or could be better managed, it is worth paying a visit to: If your student loan debt is out of control, or better management, it is worth paying the visit:

China - Natural Conditions

Climate & Seasons
China experiences a diverse range of climatic conditions in different parts of the country, from scorching heat in Southern Wuhan, Chongqing & Nanjing, to subzero temperatures in northern Beijing, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang. The climatic variance is further enhanced by the march of the seasons, each lasting about three months. Though blessed with the four seasons, some parts of China are susceptible to more extreme weather conditions, including floods, typhoons, droughts and earthquakes.
Terrain, Flora & Fauna
On the vast land of China lie many different forms of topography like deserts (in the west), high plateaus, plains, deltas and most prominently, mountains. The variety of landscapes has cultivated a huge array of flora and fauna.
Among the many species found in Chinese forests, the bamboo is perhaps the most famous. This plant is the main food source of the giant panda and a useful raw material. Other well-known plants found in China include the lotus, magnolia, maple, ginkgo and spruce.
The giant panda is one of the most widely recognized symbols of China. The natural habitat for this national treasure is the temperate zone in central China, where bamboo grows in abundance. The giant panda is an endangered species. Currently only about 1,000 are left in the wilderness while over a hundred are living in Chinese zoos. Other endangered animals are the South China Tiger, Snow Leopard, Changjiang Dolphin and the Red-Crowned Crane.

China - Symbols of China

Great Wall of China
One of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Great Wall of China, also known as “Wan Li Chang Cheng”, spans 6,700km and was built by China’s first Emperor, Qin Shihuang. Later dynasties added to it over the centuries to fend off incursions by nomadic peoples from the north of China.
The Great Wall has since become a UNESCO World Heritage Site, attracting over a million and a half visitors annually. The Great Wall has also inspired many stories and legends. One of the most famous is about Meng Jiang Nü, whose sorrow over her husband’s death caused part of the great wall to collapse. This story exemplifies the hardship and grief experienced by the commoners during the construction of the Great Wall. Many operas and songs have been written about the Great Wall and it has become an important part of Chinese culture.
Yangtze River & Yellow River
Yangtze River (Changjiang) originates from the Tanggula Mountains. It meanders through Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanjing and Shanghai before it ends its journey in the East China Sea. It is the third longest river in the world after the Nile and the Amazon, stretching a distance of 6,400km. Affectionately termed China’s “lifeline”, the Yangtze River supports many activities of the Chinese population.
The Yellow River (Huanghe) lies further north of the Yangtze River. It wanders from Lanzhou to the Bohai Sea. It literally means, “Yellow River” as it carries yellow colored sediments. Although the deposits on the banks of the river are useful resources, the yellow river is prone to flooding and historically has been a threat to the population residing along its banks.

China - Introduction

China, one of the earliest cradles of human civilization, is the third largest country in the world and has a 5,000 year history. For hundreds of years China was on the leading edge of technology: ceramics, metallurgy, civil engineering, and astronomy to name a few. It is a country with a vast land area of approximately 9,600,000 km 2. China also has the largest population in the world, comprising about one fifth of the human population. Since it opened its doors in late 1978, China has become one of the fastest growing economies in the world; offering great opportunities to foreign investors and traders.

The Official Mascots of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games

china YuPei

Confucius

Confucius (Chinese: 孔夫子; pinyin: Kǒng Fūzǐ; Wade-Giles: K'ung-fu-tzu), lit. "Master Kung,"[1] September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher, whose teachings and philosophy have deeply influenced Chinese, Korean, Japanese, and Vietnamese thought and life.
His philosophy emphasized personal and governmental morality, correctness of social relationships, justice and sincerity. These values gained prominence in China over other doctrines, such as Legalism (法家) or Taoism (道家) during the Han Dynasty[2][3][4] (206 BC–220 AD). Confucius' thoughts have been developed into a system of philosophy known as Confucianism (儒家). It was introduced to Europe by the Jesuit Matteo Ricci, who was the first to Latinise the name as "Confucius."
His teachings may be found in the Analects of Confucius (論語), a collection of "brief aphoristic fragments", which was compiled many years after his death. Modern historians do not believe that any specific documents can be said to have been written by Confucius,[5][6] but for nearly 2,000 years he was thought to be the editor or author of all the Five Classics[7][8] such as the Classic of Rites (editor), and the Spring and Autumn Annals (春秋) (author).

Pictures that reach Chinese, but not yet most westerners

today xizang

Xizang is Xizang not tibet

The views for the recent conflict, histories and sovereignty of Tibet have become extremely controversial at least among media and politicians between Western countries and China, since recent riots happened, or perhaps much earlier. Hostilities seem to be growing to each other between the two sides. To my knowledge, the opinions about problems in Tibet are so controversial between the West and China because most people in the two sides receive quite different information. Indeed there is a large amount of information from the West that has never been received by Chinese in the past years; however, it is perhaps not quite the same case this time. Despite of a considerable number of web pages related to the recently riot were blocked in China, but via some tricks of hackers, most of Chinese Internet users, indeed has managed to see indirectly a complete picture that most western media are trying to present about the recent riot. Neverthanless, it does not change the current standpoint of them because there is still a considerable amount of information, which can not reach most westerners via their media, making them to believe they must take their current opinions for the peace and safety of their own life. So far no one from the other side has given any reasonable argument to convince Chinese why those information, which are not yet known by most ordinary people in the West, should not be the bases for their current stand on Tibet issures.If most people in both sides have no will to be hostile to each other, it might be a good idea to exchange the information that they have received in their own side. It must be easier to convince the other side to accept their own opinions based the same knowledge, of course if they are really happy to to see unneccsary wars or antagonism inside China, also, they don't believe people in the other side are idiots or hopeless.As an attempt to exchange information from China to the West, (the flow to the other direction should be written or translated into Chinese, I suppose), three pictures that has been planted into brain of Chinese, but not yet seen in the West, will be presented below.1) What is the picture of Tibetan society before and after the ruling under Dalai Lama?2) Was Tibet an independent state or a part of China for many years before Dalai Lama fled to India?3) What really happened in the recent riot in Tibet and surrounding area.?1) In the brains of most Chinese, what is the picture of Tibetan society before and after the ruling under Dalai Lama?Since Dalai Lama won his Nobel peace prize in 1989 and canvassed for support in many western countries, it was commonly believed in West that, until the invasion by communists Chinese, Tibetans had led a natural, peaceful and life with religion and happiness in their heart in an independent state, which has not been contaminated by modern materialism. After the “invasion”, Tibetan lost their homeland and freedom and they are being oppressed by Chinese colonists. Based on such information, Dalai Lama is perceived as a leader who is loved by all of Tibetan people and is practicing peaceful, rational and nonviolent approach struggling for human rights and freedom of Tibetan people.However, according to a considerable amount of documents, the picture is seen differently by most of Chinese. Before the social system was reformed in 1959, only less than 5% of Tibetans，aristocrats Lamas (i.e. monks) and Dalai Lama’s official had their freedom and happiness. As slave masters, this happy class owns the other 95% populations as their slaves or helots. As a written law in that time, it prescribed that each slave costs as much as a dry-grass-made rope in the trade between slave-masters. All slave-masters were authorized do anything to their slaves without violating the law. It was a custom that the masters gouged out the eyes, sliced the ear off, cut the hands or foot off, peel off the skin alive and take out the ligament of their slaves, as illustrated in the following pictures.There are many thrilling complains from the former salves, which can be found in the documents written after 1959 in China. Some examples were cited in the following. The same kind of records can be found from abundant documents written by western tourists who traveled to Tibet earlier. For example, this picture is a snapshop from a document footage taken by a Europeans.With the picture in mind, it is quite hard to convince Chinese that all this kind of thrilling complains were paid by the Chinese Communists for propaganda or brainwash, as western media are trying to convince nowadays, Logically most Chinese think that it is mater of fact, before anyone give a reason to convince them that it is not a fact.Some examples from the records is topresen. One of the helots Gekta told his own experience that his master put a heavy cap on his head in order to press his eyes out, then gouged out it, as illustrated in the following photograph.A female helots Norgesan told her story that the hands of his husband was cut off, before he was buried alive. As a customs there were many other slaves whose hands were also cut off, as illustrated the photograph above.Dodjawa from in Rikazer region told his experience that the son of his master, for fun, shoot and broke his left arms by a gun. Later he was abandoned and had to roam about and beg for his food with his handicapped arm.Tzedeng, were a head of a village after 1959. Eleven of his brothers or sisters were forced to be froze or starved to death. The ligaments on foot of him and his second small brother were taken out because they tried to revenge but failed.For the ceremony of their religion before 1959, the salve masters regularly use fresh human skin head-bones of their slaves as vessel in their warship. In the library of Tibetan Historic Document, a communication letters to the slave masters was preserved, which is quite thrilling. It was written that’ “To all the low rank of patriarchs, In order to pray for celebrating Dalai Lama’s birthday,….we urgently need a fresh wet human gut, two fresh heads, bloods of a number of people, an entire human skin. Please send them as soon as possible.” In an other letter, it was written that: ”We need to send girls to heaven as sacrifice for our Buddhism warship. We need four fresh head, ten guts, various clean and dirty meat, various heart …. etc. They must be sent us before 20th of this month.”. The photocopies of the two letters were presented above. The human skins of small children were preserved in a museum in Tibet, as presented in the photograph below.Bowls made by bones of human brain boxes were traditional vessels for the warship in the Tibet version of Buddhism, which was used by the senior Lamas. It was believed that the brain boxes were efficacious only if they were taken from a human alive. Same believe was applied to the human skin.So most Chinese perceive the helot system in Tibet before 1959 as crueler and darker in comparison to the similar system in Europe in the middle age. All the helots was regard as tools which can speak and could be sold, bought, alienated, or deposed in any way. Thighbones of young girls were used to make clarion as illustrated in the following photograph. Excrement of Dalai Lama was used as holy medicine for slaves. There were also various instruments of torture. Living human being were often used for the groundwork of the castle owned by the slave masters. There are various of these kinds of things which are shuddering to mention.(It was reported that the human skin, which was brought to India by the crews of Dalai Lama, was used as part of adornment to make traditional Tibetan swords, and music instrument. Some of them was given as gifts from Dalai Lama to western leaders, or his other friends, even including some committee members of Nobel peace prize.)For these reason, most Chinese don't regard Dalai Lama a as a spokesman of Tibetan people as alleged by himself. They believed, when the social system was reformed in 1959, a predominant portion of Tibetan people regard getting rid of the rule of Dalai Lama as the happiest thing in their life because they had a new life of peace and freedom from being slaves. Well westerners can always say Chinese are brainwashed and can not think independently, but if they really want to rewash the brains that was washed in China, they should take something else to replace the pictures above.

In the riot in march 14th this year (2008), which the Dalai Lama and Western media alleged as a peaceful pretest for human right and freedom. However, it was reported with large amount of video and photograph, many of which were from western tourists, that 18 innocent civilians were killed, yet with hundreds injured by violence. Some mobs even poured gasoline to an innocent civilians and burn him to death. Photograph and videos of the burned body was been shown in Chinese TV and internet. Just back to the topic in this chapter, this was exactly an old customs of torturing in the ages of helot-master in Tibet before 1959, which was called “lighting for heaven” in their book, of course, reportedly in the Chinese propaganda, but with documents presented.Looking back to histories, there were also report presented that, when Dalai Lama launched a rebelling war in 1959 under support of CIA, a Tibetan merchant Dondabaza refused to join the rebelling team. The Dalai Lama’s crews not only killed him and but also raped his wife. The rebelling army got a 9 years old boy Songny in the Pojang village, Naidong couty. They rift his stomach and took out his gut when he was alive, then took out his heart, cut his body into pieces and hang them on a tree in order to threaten others to follow them. From the history in the past and recent days, it is unimaginable for how Dalai Lama could concerns human right in any way as Western media presented. One can always say these things are lies for propaganda and brainwash purpose by Chinese Communists, but to my knowledge, the material are open to the westerners for investigation, but so far these kind of information never reach public in the West, not even as a typical evidence to prove Chinese are brainwashed.Therefore most Chinese might logically feel very strange that the some westerners, who allege that they are promoting freedom, human right and in Tibet, have never sympathizer the miserable experience of the former helots nor show any interest to know if the experience is true or not. In contrast, the major voice in the West always urges to resume the ruling of former helots master Dalai Lama and his previous government on Tibet, under an excuse that the “precious Tibetan culture” is on the verge of disappearance.

Mongolian Hot Pot

Hot pot (Photo credit: China Foto Press)
Introduction:
Mongolian Hot Pot, also known as mutton hotpot, originally appeared in early Qing Dynasty and became popular after Manchu army passed the Shanghai Pass in 1644. Early in the 18th century, Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong catered a thousand long-life several times, and the Mongolian Hot Pot was in the menus for the treatment. Afterwards, the Mongolian Hot Pot became popular in Muslin restaurants. According to the Stories of Peking, the Mongolian Hot Pot was usually taken in the winter. In 1854, Zhengyang Restaurant was open outside Qianmen in Beijing and became the first Han restaurant offering Mongolian Hot Pot. In this restaurant, the mutton was sliced "as thick as a paper as complete", which enhanced its repute.
Where to try it?
Beijing Donglaishun Xindong'an Restaurant
Address: 130#, Wangfujin Rd. Dongcheng District, Beijing.
Tel: +86 10 6528 0932
Beijing Donglaishun Wangfujin Restaurant
Address: 198#, Wangfujin Rd. Dongcheng District
Tel: +86 10 6513 9661
Beijing Donglaishun Jian'guomen Restaurant
Address: 2# Xiaoyangmo Hutong, Jiannei, Dongcheng District, Beijing
Tel: +86 10 6524 1387
Beijing Donglaishun Olympic Village Restaurant
Address: 11#, Beishatang, Chaoyang District
Tel: +86 10 64841666
How to cook it?
Ingredient:
-- 6 cups lamb or chicken stock
-- 1 tablespoon dark soy sauce
-- 1 slice ginger
-- 2 green onions
-- 3 lb boneless lamb
-- 1-2 cakes bean curd
-- 1 lb green vegetable, such as Chinese cabbage, bok choy, or spinach
-- 3 1/2 ounces bean thread (vermicelli) noodles
Seasoning: sesame paste, dark soy sauce, tuber onion paste, Artemia oil, coriander, chopped fistular onion
Preparation:
Cut the lamb into paper thin rectangular slices. Slice the bean curd.
Wash, drain, and chop the vegetables
while water boiled in the hot spot, lay the lamb, chopped vegetables, cooking wine, mushroom, refined salt, fistular onion, and ginger,
Place sesame paste, salt fistular onion, bean curd, cooking wine, spicy oil, Artemia oil and sweet garlic in proportion preferred and other side dishes on separate platters on the table.
Bring the broth with the dark soy sauce to a boil, and add the ginger and green onion. Transfer enough broth so that the hot pot is approximately 2/3 - 3/4 full. (How much broth you need will depend on the size of the hot pot).
Place the hot pot on the burner, and keep it simmering throughout the meal. Keep the remaining broth warming on the stovetop.
To serve, invite guests to spear the food with a dipping fork and cook briefly in the broth until cooked, then dip the cooked food in the sauces as desired.
Use a dipping basket to cook the vegetables in batches in the hot broth and ladle out into the soup bowls. Cook the noodles and serve at the end of the meal.

Peking Roast Duck

Peking Roast Duck (Photo credit: China Foto Press)
Introduction:
Peking Roast Duck is thought to be one of the most delicious dishes all over the world; most visitors coming to Beijing will never forget to have a try.
The deliciousness of roasted duck is produced for a precious Peking Duck, one of the best meaty duck in the world. Accordingly, Peking Duck is raised in a traditional way for particular white Peking Duck. Force-fed, ducks are kept in cages which restrain them from moving about, so as to fatten them up and make the meat comparably tender.
As far back to 400 years in the South-North Dynasty, Jiu Duck was recorded in Shi Zhen Lu (the Complete Recipes for Dishes and Beverages). In the South Song Dynasty, roasted ducks was ever a renowned dish among the restaurants. Then, they were not only the foods for the households but also the gourmet for official dinner. The recipe of roasted duck was introduced from the southern China to Dadu, capital of the Yuan Dynasty(1206-1368),, and then roasted duck was in the loyal menu for the loyal family. In the periods of Ming and Qing Dynasty, roasted duck was one of the favorable dishes of loyal families. It is said that the roasted duck was named Peking Roasted Duck for it was the favor of Emperor Qianlong and Empress Dowager Cixi.
Peking Duck is always served in well-cut slices. The whole duck must be sliced into 120 pieces and every piece has to be perfect with the complete layers of the meat. Normally there are many dishes served with the duck, including a dish of fine-cut shallot bars, a dish of cucumber bars and finally a dish of paste-like soy of fermented wheat flour.
Where to try it?
Bianyifang Roast Duck Restaurant
Address: A2#, Chongwenmen Outer Rd. Chongwen District, Beijing.
Tel: +86 10 6712 0505
Transport: Bus 9, 39 or 60 to Chongwenmen Station
Jiuhuasshan Roast Duck Restaurant
Address: 55#, Zeng'guang Rd. Haidian District, Beijing
Tel: +86 10 6848 3481
Transport: Bus 26, 27 or 709 to Zeng'guangrukouxi Station or Huayuancunxikou Station
Hepingmen Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant
Address: Building 14, Qianmen West Rd. Xuwu District, Beijing
Tel: +86 10 6302 3062, 010 6303 6134
Transport: Bus 14,15, 44, 48 or 808 or Subway Line 1.
Qianmen Quanjude Roast Duck Restaurant
Address: 32#, Qianmen Rd., Chongwen District, Beijing
Tel: +86 10 6511 2418
Transport: Bus 9, 22, 53, 59 or 819 or Subway Line 1 to Qianmen Station.
How to cook it?
There are two main ways cooking Peking Roasted Duck, duck hanged over fire or roasted in oven. The former is the most featured way to roast duck, while it was evolved from the way roasting pork in the loyal kitchen.
Preparation: Clean duck.
Wipe dry and tie string around neck.
Hang duck in cool, windy place 4 hours.
Fill large wok with water. Bring to boil. Add ginger, scallion, honey, vinegar, and sherry. Bring to boil. Pour in dissolved cornstarch. Stir constantly.
Place duck in large strainer above larger bowl.
Scoop boiling mixture all over duck for about 10 minutes.
Hang duck again in cool, windy place for 6 hours until thoroughly dry.
Place duck breast side up on a greased rack in oven preheated to 350 degrees. Set a pan filled with 2 inches of water in bottom of oven. (This is for drippings).
Roast 30 minutes.
Turn duck and roast 30 minutes more. Turn breast side up again. Roast 10 minutes more.
Use sharp knife to cut off crispy skin.

Welcome to Beijing

The Temple of Heaven

The Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games will give friends from all over the world an opportunity to experience Beijing, the capital city of China.
Beijing is both a tribute to China's proud history and a gateway to China's future. The capital city during the Liao, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beijing has long been the political, cultural, and diplomatic center of China. It is now an international metropolis, home to 11 million people from all walks of life.
Alongside 7300 cultural relics and historic sites and more than 200 scenic spots -- including the world's largest palace, the Forbidden City, as well as the Great Wall, Summer Palace, and Temple of Heaven -- Beijing boasts an impressive modern skyline, a reflection of its rapid economic development. The recently expanded Beijing Capital International Airport is China's largest and most advanced airport.
August and September mark the end of summer and the beginning of autumn in Beijing, with temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. This is the best season to visit, with clear, blue skies allowing visitors to fully witness the charm and vastness of the city.

The Evolution of Paralympic Games

In 1948, Sir Ludwig Guttmann organized a sports competition involving World War II veterans with a spinal cord injury in Stoke Mandeville, England. Four years later, competitors from the Netherlands joined the games and an international movement was born. Olympic style games for athletes with a disability were organized for the first time in Rome in 1960, now called Paralympics. In Toronto in 1976, other disability groups were added and the idea of merging together different disability groups for international sport competitions was born. In the same year, the first Paralympic Winter Games took place in Sweden.
Today, the Paralympics are elite sport events for athletes from six different disability groups. They emphasize, however, the participants' athletic achievements rather than their disability. The movement has grown dramatically since its first days. The number of athletes participating in Summer Paralympic Games has increased from 400 athletes from 23 countries in Rome in 1960 to 3806 athletes from 136 countries in Athens in 2004.
The Paralympic Games have always been held in the same year as the Olympic Games. Since the Seoul 1988 Paralympic Games and the Albertville 1992 Winter Paralympic Games they have also taken place at the same venues as the Olympics. On 19 June 2001, an agreement was signed between IOC and IPC securing this practice for the future. From the 2012 bid process onwards, the host city chosen to host the Olympic Games will be obliged to also host the Paralympics.
The Chinese city of Beijing will host the next 2008 Paralympic Games, whereas the Winter Paralympics 2010 will be in Vancouver, Canada. London will host the Paralympics in 2012.
(Credit: IPC. Click here for further information.)

cloisonne china

What’s the cloisonné? Cloisonné,

which is also called copper padding thread weaving enamel, is a kind of Chinese traditional handicrafts. The manufacture of cloisonné ware requires an elaborate and complicated process, namely, base-hammering, copper-wire curving, soldering, polishing, and gilding, ect. The earliest cloisonné artwork can be traced back to the capital of Yuan Dynasty (1271 ~1368A.D) today’s Beijing, and got further development in the Ming Dynasty (1450~1457A.D). As blue enamel was primarily used, it was termed “jingtaiBlue”. In our ancient time, the cloisonné wares only used in Imperial family, it symbolized the high positions an Authorities. After the people’s republic of china established, the work-skill have made a good progress. Today, cloisonné wares has 2 main kinds “Really and Filigrees”. Filigrees are include “ gold filigrees”, ”silver filigrees”, “blue filigrees”. All the process of making cloisonné are by hand, are following steps: design, padding making, thread weaving, drawing, burning, polishing and gilding ect. A kind of special craft that combines the copper with ceramics, bronzes, paintings and carving works. It is the unique one among the Chinese handicrafts. We pride of its rich color, rich design, and rich frame. Have high value of collecting. Recently we developed series of cloisonné wares in the Practicability, just like the brand of “jingjing” lamp and Imitate the porcelain

The Chinese Dream

The Chinese Dream?
中国梦？
China rapidly climbs to world economic power, some enterprising individuals are emigrating here in the hopes of finding a new version of the American Dream. Blogging For China translates an article from the Southern Metropolis Daily on African traders who move to China (notably the city of Guangzhou, which currently holds an estimated 100,000 Africans) with the same burning desire of an earlier generation who emigrated to America: a better life. Many of them face strong prejudice against blacks in China and struggle to integrate themselves into their villages. The reporter follows one Liberian trader as he greets Chinese store-owners in his neighborhood:
He’ll loudly greet them, “Friend, how are you recently?” His “friends” don’t respond. Some pull out a cell phone and intentionally ignore him. Others impatiently wave at him, and say in a combination of Chinese and English: “If you’re not buying anything, then go… quickly GO!”
It seems friendship only exists between the Africans.
While many poor black traders struggle with racism, Bill Dodson, General Manager of Asia Base A/S and author of the This is China! blog, states in his 2007 post "Black Like Me in China" that he has never encountered racism in five years of living and working in China. Dodson claims that the only color the Chinese see is green:
The bottom line in today’s China: “money talks”. Chinese are equal opportunity opportunists. If you’ve clearly got money and are interested in doing a business transaction with them, they don’t care the color of your skin or the origin of ancestry.
Dodson does acknowedge that the Chinese have their stereotypes of dark-skinned Africans, but these stereotypes are free of a history of institutionalized slavery (and enforced political correctness). If China truly is replacing America as a world superpower, it remains to be seen how the Chinese will react to the inevitable consequence of cornering the world economy-- can China be the world's new melting pot?
corner v. (commerce) acquire monopoly within commercial market: to acquire a monopoly of a particular commodity and so be able to control its market price 垄断（某个市场）
e.g. an attempt to corner the soybean market

china red

Jingde Town China

Jingdezhen (simplified Chinese: 景德镇; traditional Chinese: 景德鎮; pinyin: Jǐngdézhèn), or the Town of Jingde, is a prefecture-level city, previously a town, in Jiangxi Province, China, with a city population of 311,200 (estimate 2006) has been termed the "Porcelain Capital" (瓷都) because of its production of quality china. It has a 1700-year-old history of china production.

Jingde Town (景德鎮) was originally Changnan Town (昌南鎮) and renamed Southern Song Dynasty after an emperor's era name, during whose ruling period its production was most recognized.
In the 19th century, Jingde Town became a county (Jingde County). Under the People's Republic of China, it became a provincial city (county-level), whose name incorporates the entire expression "Jingde Town": Jingdezhen City (景德镇市). Usually when a town is upgraded to a city, "Town" is replaced by "City" (it would be "Jingde City" in this case). The retaining of "Town" is mainly for ease of recognizing its famous history

History of China

Main articles: History of China and History of the People's Republic of China
Major combat in the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949 with the Communist Party of China in control of the mainland, and the Kuomintang (KMT) retreating to Taiwan and some outlying islands of Fujian. On October 1, 1949 Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China, declaring "the Chinese people have stood up".[17] Red China was a frequent appellation for the PRC (generally within the Western Bloc) used from the time of Communist ascendance until the mid-late 1970s with the improvement of relations between China and the West.[18]
Following a series of dramatic economic failures (caused by the Great Leap Forward), Mao stepped down from his position as chairman in 1959, with Liu Shaoqi as successor. Mao still had much influence over the Party, but was removed from day-to-day management of economic affairs, which came under the control of Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping.

Mao Zedong proclaiming the establishment of the People's Republic in 1949.
In 1966, Mao and his allies launched the Cultural Revolution, which would last until Mao's death a decade later. The Cultural Revolution, motivated by power struggles within the Party and a fear of the Soviet Union, led to a major upheaval in Chinese society. In 1972, at the peak of the Sino-Soviet split, Mao and Zhou Enlai met Richard Nixon in Beijing to establish relations with the United States. In the same year, the PRC was admitted to the United Nations, replacing the Republic of China for China's membership of the United Nations, and permanent membership of the Security Council.
After Mao's death in 1976 and the arrest of the Gang of Four, blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, Deng Xiaoping quickly wrestled power from Mao's anointed successor Hua Guofeng. Although Deng never became the head of the Party or State himself, his influence within the Party led the country to economic reforms of significant magnitude. The Communist Party subsequently loosened governmental control over citizens' personal lives and the communes were disbanded with many peasants receiving multiple land leases, which greatly increased incentives and agricultural production. This turn of events marked China's transition from a planned economy to a mixed economy with an increasingly open market environment, a system termed by many "market socialism". The PRC adopted its current constitution on December 4, 1982.
In 1989, the death of pro-reform official, Hu Yaobang, helped to spark the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, during which students and others campaigned for several months for more democratic rights and freedom of speech. However, they were eventually put down on June 4 when PLA troops and vehicles entered and forcibly cleared the square by opening fire on protesters, resulting in numerous casualties. This event was widely reported and famously videotaped, which brought worldwide condemnation and sanctions against the government.
President Jiang Zemin and Premier Zhu Rongji, both former mayors of Shanghai, led post-Tiananmen China in the 1990s. Under Jiang Zemin's ten years of administration, China's economic performance pulled an estimated 150 million peasants out of poverty and sustained an average annual GDP growth rate of 11.2%.[19][20] The country formally joined the World Trade Organization in 2001.
Although China needs economic growth to spur its development, the government has begun to worry that rapid economic growth has negatively impacted the country's resources and environment. Another concern is that certain sectors of society are not sufficiently benefiting from China's economic development. As a result, under current President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, the PRC have initiated policies to address these issues of equitable distribution of resources, but the outcome remains to be seen.[21] For much of China's population, living standards have seen extremely large improvements, and freedom continues to expand, but political controls remain tight.

像猪一蠢的台湾人

台湾的独立是不可能的,为什么那些人还要去跟着起哄?以台湾的地位来说,你吼出独立来也不过是别人手上的一着棋。说得难听点,是别人手上的一条狗。再忠心的狗再好用的狗在必要的时候也会被主人宰来吃了，狗毕竟是狗，没有人会尊重狗的。陈水扁之流就有点儿象三国时的孙权之类的人物（当然这个比喻不是很恰当，因为孙权毕竟还是个英雄，陈水扁不过是个跳梁小丑），对于普通的台湾人来说统一不统一都是一样的过日子有什么太大的区别吗？说什么意识形态不同，这只是借口，南北朝时代中国分裂了好几百年，南北双方的意识形态区别只有比现在还大，但统一了不到三十年就打成一片，这是历史的事实。台湾的民主真的值得向往？难道大家相信那些人发表一些演讲选出来的人就能够真正代表他的真实能力和品德吗？口才好不等于能力好，文字工底好也不代表他的德行好。希特勒的演说才能可是第一流的。难道民主选出来的首领就一定是最好的？可是世界各国有几个这样选出来的人最好呢？他们首先想的是自己的选票问题而不是真正的为国为民。陈水扁之流想的是自己的地位，用尽一切方法煽动民粹，分离族群，就象孙权一样，老百姓统一不统一没有什么太大关系，但是陈一统一最多只能够是个省头，想当“总统”门都没有。台湾人被煽动起来给大国作对弈的舞台，到头来吃亏的还是自己，为什么他们就看不到呢？怪别人不如怪自己，自己不争气还去骂别人，骨子里的的文化仍然是中国的，血统仍然是中国的。这一群数典忘祖的笨蛋啊。海棠已缺泪滂沱，旧事断难作前科。两千万人无羞耻，跪奉异类作祖爷！这一群愚蠢而又短视的台湾人！

★☆★严重抗议马来西亚侵占中国领土★☆★

核心提示：马来西亚副总理兼国防部长纳吉计划在8月10日至12日登陆与中国存有主权争议的拉央拉央岛。中国驻马大使重申中国的立场是，南沙群岛是属于中国的。

环球时报8月7日报道 据马来西亚吉隆坡安全评论网站3日报道，马来西亚副总理兼国防部长纳吉计划在8月10日至12日登陆与中国及越南相关国家存有主权争议的拉央拉央岛，这次访问也会携带近80名记者登岛，没有外国记者。据行程安排，纳吉是在11日至12日登陆拉央拉央岛。马国选择在奥运之际登陆与中国存有主权争议的岛礁，令人产生这是看准中国不会做出很大的抗议行动的印象。

排华因素可能导致奇瑞汽车很难进入马来西亚

为经营报老寇安排对大马汽车人的专访
听说大马汽车业企业来访,中国经营报老寇非要我约他们一起聊聊，朋友的事情我向来热心，很快我就敲定了昨天下午的专访。地点就在他们下榻的燕山大酒店一层咖啡间，7个人围在一起，随便点了各自的饮料就直接切入了话题。7个人里，除了4个大马汽车经销企业老板，我、老寇以及车城网（http://www.checity.com)的记者，后来东盟博览会驻大马首代李志勇及他的央视的夫人也陆续加入。
席间谈到大马汽车市场，与国内对比，差异很大。比如他们关税高达300%，最近由于WTO承诺，才降到200%，而国内已经是降到15%；大马不许华人开独自企业，这次奇瑞在大马碰壁，主要原因也是因为没有找当地强有力的土著人合作，而是找的华人苏景纶先生，而哈飞比较聪明，他们找的是当地由土著人开的汽车公司合作，所以很快拿到了许可，而且据说最近他们的车正在7万元左右在大马开始销售；大马没有别克，也禁止进口别克，为了保护消费者的后续服务利益，因为国内没有配套的另配件供应；大马不排斥日系车，相反，最流行的就是日系车，因为性价比好！
联想到此前的印尼排华浪潮，为中国企业进军东南亚深感不平，但是中国货遍布全球这是一个必然趋势

“美国民主”？一个百年大谎！

当代民主似乎可以追溯到古希腊的雅典民主，其实不然。听起来天花乱坠的雅典民主是特定阶级的民主，是小国寡民的民主，是不具普适意义的民主，因而与当今风行全球的民主无关。美国是当代民主的推手，并以全球民主判官自居。殊不知，“美国民主”本身却是一个包藏祸心的弥天大谎！　　　　一、美国国父们创建的美利坚合众国并非民主国家　　美国国父们虽深受古希腊文化影响，但建国时要超越的“美国偶像”不是雅典城邦，而是罗马帝国。正所谓，不破不立。美国国父们都非常明确，罗马帝国的丰功伟业主要得益其高效的贵族共和政体，罗马帝国的分崩离析则主要肇因于暴民民主，所以他们众口一词，大力抨击民主。　　亚当斯指出：“以往所有时代的经历表明，民主最不稳定、最波动、最短命。”“记住，民主从不久长。它很快就浪费、消耗和谋杀自己。以前从未有民主不自杀掉的。”“民主很快就会倒退到独裁。”　　《独立宣言》签名人拉什说：“民主是恶魔之最。”　　麦迪逊说：“民主是由一副由动乱和争斗组成的眼镜，从来与个人安全，或者财产权相左，通常在暴乱中短命。”　　执笔宪法第一修正案的费雪道：“民主是包藏着毁灭其自身的燃烧物的火山，其必将喷发并造成毁灭。民主的已知倾向是将野心勃勃的号召和愚昧无知的信念当成自由来泛滥。”　　《美国宪法》签字人和执笔人之一莫里斯说：“我们见识过民主终结时的喧闹。无论何处，民主都以独裁为归宿。”　　汉密尔顿更直接指出：“民主是一种疾病。”　　美国开国元勋们对民主的深恶痛绝，是《美国宪法》只字不提民主，反而明确宣示美国是共和政体（a representive republic）的原因。据载，历时3个月的美国立宪大会结束时，一位女士当众问富兰克林：“博士，你们为我们设立的是君主制还是共和制？”富兰克林毫不迟疑地答道：“是共和制，如果你们能保持的话。”　　美国先贤们密商三个月，费尽心机创建的“三权分立、相互制衡”的精英共和政体，目标是一防暴民民主，二防个人独裁，三防制度腐败。迄今为止的实践表明，他们的制度设计是卓有成效的。　　　　二、民主由过街老鼠变为香饽饽的过程　　在整个19世纪，民主在美国乃至整个西方世界代表着混乱，所以是过街老鼠。19世纪美国著名诗人和外交官罗威尔一针见血地指出：“民主赋予每一个人成为滥权者的权利。”同期，英国政治家托马斯指出：“我长期以来一直确信，纯粹的民主机制定然早晚会毁掉自由，或者毁掉文明，或者同时毁掉自由和文明两者。”英国的埃克顿勋爵道：“这个流行的魔鬼民主是多数人或者多数党的暴君，是靠暴力和舞弊，而非永远靠选举而实现的大多数。”　　历史进入20世纪，随着美国进一步崛起，美国共和政体为世人树立了比君主立宪制还优越的新楷模。1912年双十在神州大地创建的Republic of China，效仿的就是美国共和制，其直译就是中华共和国。　　民主在美国由臭变香的过程，应该从1792年杰佛逊创建“一个普通人的党”开始。1798年该党正式定名为民主的共和党，用以与精英分子为主的联邦党相抗衡。在1844年的全国代表大会上，党名正式由民主的共和党简化为民主党。应该指出，民主党虽然后来只冠着民主一词，反对联邦集权，但也只是争取选民的噱头，并非以改变美国共和政体为目标。事实上，美国民主党在20世纪初的确因此团结了潮水般移民来美国并成为工人的人群，并通过将这些人带入美国社会主流而建立了自己的民众基础。　　1916年，属于民主党的美国总统威尔逊在宣布参加第一次世界大战时的著名宣言中呼吁“为了民主而促进世界安全”，为推崇民主起到了极其重要的促进作用。在当时全球反封建主义和反殖民主义的社会历史大环境中，民主很快就被中国知识分子尊为“德先生”，与“赛先生”一起被介绍到中国。孙中山引领的中华民国显然是美国德先生的第一大受益者兼后来第一大受害者。民主是搞垮一个旧秩序的推土机，又是重建一个新秩序的拦路虎。当年，德先生促成了中国皇权体制的瓦解，引致北洋军阀独裁，然后德先生再接再厉，促使军阀独裁崩解，形成各地军阀割据，最终成为一盘散沙，积弱不振、任列强鱼肉与宰割。　　由于社会历史发展的巨大惯性和人们的思维定势，美国人民关于“民主是个坏东西”的既成观念不可能在一代人的时间内完全改变。1928年11月30日，中国正为民主这个新而美的东西浴血内斗，隶属于美国国防部的美国战争部公布的军人训练大纲第2000－25条关于民主的定义却是这样表述的:“一种大众政府。权威来自民众大会或任何其它‘直接表现’形式。导致独裁。关于财产的态度是共产主义的，忽视财产权。关于法律的态度是由多数人的意志主导，不考量各种结果。导致煽动行为，作奸犯科，蓄意蛊惑，诱人不满，无政府状态。”这份训练大纲还写到：“我们的宪法之父们熟悉独裁和民主的长处和弱点，用坚定不移的信念规定了一个代议共和制政体。他们对共和和民主作了非常清晰的区别，而且反复强调他们建立的是一个共和政体。”　　到了1932年，迫于压力，上述民主定义被从训练大纲中除掉。美国军方不再宣扬民主是个坏东西了。据载，1936年，当参议员赫莫去参院听证时，想找一份原来的训练大纲全本都不可能。事隔三十几年后，一名美军军官鲍尔在1973年10月刊登在《军事评论》上的文章中披露，当年训练大纲除去民主定义的压力“来自隐秘的公民们”。　　1940年，属于民主党的美国总统罗斯福决定介入二战时发出了对美国人民的劝诫，美国“必须成为民主的伟大军火库”。军火库是什么东西？里面储存的是杀敌的弹药和武器。显然，美国有识之士已经悟出了输出民主可以不战而乱人之国甚或屈人之兵的战争潜力。　　1952年，美国军方不仅不再敌视民主，反而正式开始为民主唱起了赞歌。例如，美军战地手册21－13条“士兵指南”（英文是，The Solder’s Guide）是这样阐述的：“因为美利坚合众国是一个民主政体（a democracy），所以人民的多数决定我们的政府将如何组织和运行。”美国人民的多数果真能够决定政府的组成吗？在2000年大选中，布什在自己的弟弟当州长的佛罗里达州只比对手高尔多得537张选票，自然出现计票争议，大选难产36天。后来，最高法院判定布什赢得佛州的选民票从而赢得了该州全部27张选举人团票，为其入主白宫起到关键性作用。布什最终虽以5张选举人票的优势战胜了高尔，但他在全国范围获得的普通选民票却比高尔要少54万张。显然，全国大部分选民的意愿没有得到尊重，多数选民的选票变得毫无意义。美国开国元勋们基于罗马帝国经验创造的选举人团制度是美国精英共和制特点的一个最突出的诠释。美国选举的奥秘在于，开国早期的候选人胜选主要靠德高望重，后来的候选人胜选越来越依靠利益集团和花言巧语，选民只享选票之虚，如同在不同商家出产的一罐口可可乐和一罐百事可乐之间选择而已。如果美国实行真正的民主选举，2000年进白宫的就是高尔。　　在美国政府和美国军方曲解美国政体的过程中，美国许多有识之士一直在批评这种刻意歪曲民主并为民主唱赞歌的言行，并披露其可能给美国造成的有害后果。　　1939年，美国历史学家查尔斯和玛丽警醒民众：“无论何时，何地，何人，立宪大会都没有官方声称美国是民主政体。”　　1961年9月17日（宪法日），美国约翰．罗伯特协会的创始人罗伯特发表了题为“共和与民主”的讲演。他的名言是：“这是共和，不是民主。让我们保持共和政体的方向！”　　然而，诸如上述努力根本无法阻止美国政府和美国军方关于民主的欺骗性宣传。　　美国小学生上学对国旗宣誓效忠的活动始于1892年。最早的誓词是这样写的：“我对我的旗帜和它所代表的共和国宣誓效忠。一个国家，不可分裂，人人享有自由和正义。”这种宣誓活动的一个关键点是使每一个美国人从小就知道，他们生活在三权分立相互制衡的共和政体国家中，为了保持自由和正义，共和国千万不能被分裂。　　1954年，美国麦卡锡主义盛行，为了对抗共产主义，誓词里被塞进了“在上帝之下”这个短语。　　几年前，美国加州的无神论者纽多向法庭上诉，称誓言中“在上帝之下”这句话违宪，且有灌输宗教观念之嫌。美国第九巡回上诉法院随后做出裁决：“效忠誓词”违宪。　　项庄舞剑，意在沛公。取消“效忠誓词”活动的一个重大意义在于，美国人以后从小就不认识自己的国家是共和政体，而会像其它国家的人们一样，误以为美国建国以来一直都是民主政体，误以为美国从来就是民主国家。这一做法与当年美国军方从训练大纲中除掉“民主”定义如出一辙。　　2000年宪法日，美国总统克林顿在国家宪法中心的奠基仪式上高度评价当年在宪法上签字的国父们“深明他们为之努力的任务之艰巨：去创建一个代议制民主政体（a representive democrocy）”。他还高度赞扬华盛顿，富兰克林，麦迪逊创造了这一代议制民主政体。　　就这样，指鹿为马。在美国共和政体的根基和框架等基本未变的条件下，“美国民主”，这个世纪弥天大谎不仅编排圆满，而且一边编排一边为美国取得了一个又一个辉煌胜利，极至兵不血刃地肢解了曾经不可一世的前苏东阵营。难怪普京哀叹：苏联瓦解是20世纪最大的政治悲剧。　　　　三、“美国民主”惊天骗局的精巧之处　　（1）欺世盗名。　　1900年前后，美国的某些政治精英们肯定悟出了一个简单的道理。国父们对“民主是个坏东西”的认识是深刻的，民主确实对美国不利，但美国可以利用民主固有的破坏性作用，设法将民主装进礼品盒，向他国推销。　　（2）暗渡陈仓。　　利用美国共和制与民主制的一大表面共同点—选举，逐渐通过崇尚选举变成崇尚民主。现在，选举在全球范围已经被误认为民主与否的标志。　　（3）隐真示假。　　模糊共和政体维系秩序与民主政体导致混乱并引致独裁的本质区别，误导他国人民看不清美国共和制之真和实，只见“美国民主”之虚和伪。　　（4）偷梁换柱。　　美国能够崛起并最终成为世界超强，原因是多方面的。其中，共和制主要关乎社会秩序，只是美国社会安定的保障条件，而对内消灭土著印地安人，对外通过巧取豪夺来确保领土安全与完整，不断发动和参与战争掠夺，不断打着全球一体化的借口策动金融战和资本战，等等，这些才是其国强民富的主要成因。但是，通过各种里应外合的大肆渲染，“美国民主”竟喧宾夺主，成了世人心目中美国富强的主因。　　（5）大伪似真。　　美国民主，所以美国富强；美国越富强，美国民主对他国人民便越具强大吸引力和难以辩驳的说服力。台湾已经被“美国民主”搞得一塌糊涂，还在痴人说梦，妄想为大陆做出民主的表率。更可笑的是，台湾地区领导人马英九得到美国总统的表彰“台湾是世界民主的灯塔”，竟然感动得哭了！　　君不见，世界上凡是笑纳了“美国民主”礼品盒子的主儿，从中国的孙中山、蒋家王朝、李登辉、陈水扁，到前苏东阵营，广至所有被美国认可了的民主国家，无不乱象不断，无不印证美国历代政治精英的先见之明，无不印证“美国民主”骗局的巨大威力。“美国民主”这一惊天骗局真的几近天衣无缝之地步。　　　　四、毛泽东是“美国民主”的克星　　毛泽东打遍天下无敌手，这在军事上是毋庸置疑的事实，连他那些形形色色的敌手都不得不佩服。　　世人，包括相当多中国人，对“大跃进”之前的毛主席不得不不佩服，但对“大跃进”之后的毛泽东常常吹毛求疵，甚至百般诋毁和谩骂。那些跳梁大丑和跳梁小丑们采取了“重点攻击、片面诋毁、全面否定”的伎俩。第一，抓住“大跃进”之后的三年自然灾害饿死人的事实，不问青红皂白，把因认识局限、教育不力、地方浮夸、西方封锁、苏修卡压、自然灾害、等等造成的巨大困难，统统算成毛主席的罪过。第二，抓住“反右”不放，在毛主席身后持续反攻倒算。第三，抓住“文化大革命”不放，用“国民经济走到了崩溃的边缘”给毛主席盖棺定论。结果，在官方部分否定和“精英”全面否定，而官方和“精英”在中国又握有绝对话语权的条件下，中华民族有史以来最伟大、最杰出、最睿智、最仁慈、最勇敢、最无私、最豪放的民族巨人毛泽东，长时间被好人误解，被坏蛋糟蹋。　　如果不是毛泽东关于美帝“和平演变”策略的预言，如果不是毛主席领导中国人民在抓生产的同时搞革命，先整“右派”精英，后整“左派”官僚，不间断地用各种方式教育全国人民，中国挺不过1989年的动乱，就会比前苏东先一步陷入社会动荡乃至崩解；如果不是毛主席领导中国联合第三世界国家“一弱凌两强”，运筹帷幄，运用他无可争议的影响力，打开中国与美国交往的大门，哪来后续可以开放的国际大环境？　　现在，“精英”卖国印证了“反右”是多么必要！贪官祸国印证了“文革”是多么伟大！资本蛀国印证了“社教”是多么英明！“民主”惑国印证了“和平演变”的预言是多么睿智！难道今天各地浮夸成风、贪腐遍地、娼妓繁盛、人心不古、黑道嚣张、精神颓废、信仰缺失、迷信泛滥、黑心煤窑、无良雇主、窃国大盗、等等，都是毛主席的错？？？？　　是不是善良的中国人，要看他或她怎样对待中华民族的守护神--毛泽东！五、“美国民主”在中国的前景。　　前苏联早已泣血醒悟但为时已晚的原“反共斗士”季诺维耶夫警告道：“请记住我的话：西方会用同样的手段来对付中国。他们收拾了南斯拉夫和彻底打垮了俄罗斯之后，就要搞中国了。二十一世纪是西方为搞垮中国而进行斗争的世纪！”　　美国和整个西方世界早就视中华人民共和国的存在和发展为巨大威胁，早就必欲除之而后快，无奈美国乃至整个西方在军事上不是用毛泽东思想武装起来的中国人民解放军的对手，所以他们试图钻中国改革和开放的空子，利用改革和开放过程中的各种失误，在经济上，让资本在中国泛滥，引致两极分化，引致经济危机，最终要促成中国山河变色、社会动荡乃至崩溃；在思想上，让各种非毛泽东思想在中国泛滥，促成中国社会信仰混乱、认知愚昧，最终促成中华民族精神免疫机能丧失，无力化解各种社会危机；在政治上，让民主在中国泛滥，阻断中国为人类社会探索崭新发展模式的努力，促成中国版图分裂、民族分裂、阶级分裂，最终促成中国版图像前苏东一样分崩离析，从而难以威胁美国的全球霸业。　　值得中华民族和全球所有善良的人们庆幸的是，中国出了个毛泽东！毛泽东领导中国共产党和中国人民为人类社会筹划了一个能够全面超越美国精英共和制的新的发展模式—人民共和制，并且全面奠定了发展人民共和制的牢固基础。　　可以肯定，“美国民主”在中国的前景是暗淡的，根据有以下几点：　　第一，“美国民主”以民众分裂为前提，并通过挑拨民众达到持续分裂、操纵民众的目的。英美主要国家为什么大都是稳定的两党“竞争上岗”？因为选举越来越受各种名目繁多的利益集团主导，而利益集团往往同时在两党背后操弄，两党也没有本质区别；新“民主”的国家据说民主还不成熟（骗人的鬼话），多数选民同时坐到选举跷跷板的一端，把候选人悠上去，发现上当受骗后再试图聚到另一端，把自己选上去的“卖国贼”如陈水扁和李明博之流悠下来。小布什把美国搞成啥样了?被大规模“民主”了吗？相反，中华文明以和为贵，社会分裂是暂时的，社会和谐是恒久的，所以才源远流长，历久弥新。　　第二，“美国民主”的基础是“私”，自然要服务于“私”的利益。在私有制主导的美国经济领域，根本就嗅不到一丝民主的气息。经济不民主，经济支撑的政治能民主？在新中国，毛泽东领导共产党和人民为中华文明重塑了“公”的基础，并在此一基础上取得了辉煌成就。今天，虽然“公”被局部破坏了，有了“私”的侵蚀和泛滥，但举国“全局大公”的现实不是任何人能够一朝一夕完全破坏掉的。　　第三，“美国民主”服务于其独霸全球的终极目的，必将为世人所识破、所唾弃；中国有条件、有基础、有能力、有水平、有责任为世界人民走出一条不同于“美国民主”的发展模式。毛主席的谆谆教导“中国应当为人类做出较大贡献”，不是号召中国人民用血汗工厂为全球加工衣服，而是要奋发图强，开辟举世艳羡的巨龙新天地！“为有牺牲多壮志，敢教日月换新天！”“中国人民有志气、有能力，一定要在不远的将来，赶上和超过世界先进水平！”“一万年太久，只争朝夕。”“下定决心，不怕牺牲，排除万难，去争取胜利。”毛泽东时代的冲天豪迈，毛泽东时代的英雄壮举，毛泽东时代的艰苦奋斗，没有毛泽东时代的自力更生，毛泽东时代的丰功伟绩，都是巨龙腾飞的宝贵精神财富！　　历史和现实充分证明，“美国民主”决不是什么好东西！德先生在中国必须休矣，否则，华夏复兴的伟业就会误入歧途！中国人民为全人类社会发展开拓一条崭新的康庄大道的努力就会半途而废！

从雅典八分钟到北京五十分钟

在雅典奥运会的八分钟陈述中，张艺谋猛用中国元素，反应不佳，被国人痛批。张艺谋事后抱怨道：8分钟太短，不能表现博大精深的中国文化。现在有将近七倍的时间，张导应该有充分时间来展现了吧？

看完这次长达50多分钟的北京奥运会开幕式，感觉是把雅典的八分钟拉长到50分钟，有冗长重叠之感。

我们的张导演仍然是喜欢堆砌文化元素，小学教科书中的中国文化元素：孔子，四大发明，戏剧，丝绸之路，击缶，国 画，武术，花脸，灯笼等一个不少。但缺乏贯穿元素的主线，就成了堆砌。表面上很热闹，但表现都很表象化，形式化，具象化，而缺乏内涵，缺乏中国文化中的写意和神似。就像福娃的设计一样，搞重形式的大而全。什么都想包括，搞成了一个大杂烩。也像一个土财主向人炫耀家底，接连拿出所有的压箱底的祖传宝器，一件一件向人抖搂。看得人眼花缭乱，却忘了这个场合是在开奥运会。这些大杂烩凑在一起，连NBC转播也有些烦了，忍不住帮张导编辑，删繁就简，将重复的部分压缩。戏曲木偶部份更是全部删掉。

对比雅典奥运会的典雅庄肃，举重若轻，将千年的希腊文化的人文传统浓缩成一段精彩的流畅的故事。我觉得雅典的开幕式更有创意。

击缶那一场更是有硬伤。缶就是瓦罐，敲瓦罐称不上乐器。是先古在葬礼场合表示悲伤的礼节。和现在农村葬礼习俗中孝子出殡时摔瓦盆是一个意思。《易经》的卦词说：“日昃之离，不鼓缶而歌，则大耄之嗟，凶。” 意思是在老人临死之前，不鼓缶而歌是不吉利的。张艺谋在举国欢庆的奥运会开幕式上让千人击缶，难道是要把喜事办成丧事？击缶的武警士兵们打扮怪异，不男不女，额头挂红，仿佛流血，真让人觉得是在丧礼上。也听不清他们在吼些什么。

文化元素化具体化后，张导还是表达不清。太重形式，导致体现晦涩难懂。尤其是对老外来说晦涩难懂。开幕式上的文艺娱乐不是上课。要让中外观众，不用解释就能看懂。但是北京这场开幕式，许多现场的中国人都要依赖解说和字幕，还要看前面的电视音屏解说才能略懂十之六七。更别说很多看转播的外国人了。有些外国记者以为活字表演是搓麻将。还有些人问那个船上的人捧个装着勺子（指南针）的盘子是不是去要饭。以为张导在表现解放前人民吃不饱饭。

后面的现代的高楼大厦、航空航天，最是败笔。中国的宇宙飞船上天了，是全世界都知道的事情。用不着在奥运会开幕的时候大声吆喝，搞得像科技展览会似的。

这种大型团体操，要整齐才好看。开幕式几场表演，都能看到杂乱来。比不上北韩的大型团体操。而且团体操形式翻来覆去，构思重复，用了还用。

故弄玄虚保密了长时间的点火方式并无多少新意。明显可见的钢索就像露底的魔术一样让人索然无味。吊索空中飞人这种方式应经被用滥了。李宁的奔跑显得颇为费劲，让人为他捏一把汗。

即使看懂了，事后回味，也只是一堆东西而已。中国历史上的一些发明而已。没有人性，没有人文精神，在活字印刷表演方阵，我们只看见了物化的人。这和北京提倡的人文奥运相去甚远，也不合奥林匹克精神。虽然表演摆出“和”字来提倡和谐社会。但以大型团体操来演绎，说明这种和谐社会是建立在没有个人自由的和谐，是集体一致，全国一统的和谐，是建立在服从，纪律上的和谐。对比雅典的开闭幕式，我们能看见人性的光辉，民主自由的传统，人文的精神。既能看得见集体的表演，也能看见不同的个人，具体的个人。

有人评之为一个“面向世界的春节晚会”。但网民对其的评价还低于春节晚会。每年的春晚都恶评如潮，但国内观众的满意度都能在90％以上。据新浪的调查，对开幕式的满意度只有60％。在爱国主义，支持奥运的热情下，在网络评论员繁忙之时，满意度仅达到比春晚低得多的水平，说明不赞成的人之多。以下是新浪的一些网民的观点：

“感觉就是文化，历史的堆积，说实话，就国画和文字有点震撼，其余的就是人海，灯光，看不出有什么，表达不清，形式过重，没想法。”

“看睡着了，还不如看看乡村爱情呢。”

“给我的感觉就开场20分钟的节目相当相当精彩。然后呢不知道什么原因给人的感觉很空洞。不 知道是本来就空洞还是没有演绎出来，或者我水平太差没理会到！”

“有点不真实的感觉，太做作了，钢丝是最大的败笔，一看到电视里的钢丝，觉得太不真实。”

“不是开幕式，是历史剧！”

“节奏太慢，不适合奥运主旋律。”

“能听懂的是少部分的,但是奥运会是属于全世界的。”

“你忘了这是奥运会了?体育竞技精神哪儿有表现?人类的上进不屈精神哪儿表现?奥运会开幕式?

哦 我以为是历史剧大型舞台演出呢~!”

“节奏慢,不欢快,不热烈,各场面风格没有变化.背上了必须反映中华厚重文化的包袱,好象是为反映中华文化而反映一样。总体思路不对.”

“福娃哪去了？整个开幕式没见一点踪影，这算什么吉祥物啊！”

“一开始相当有气势、相当精彩。。。后来。。。我慢慢的想睡了~主题曲一点激动人心的感觉都没有！觉得整场开幕式少了让人感动的地方~”

“张艺谋应该有比较长的时间去充分准备了但是我相信卸下满腔爱国热情后 大部分人不会很欣赏开幕式的总体表现。”

“想表现的东西太多,所以每一样都没表现出内涵来,感觉有点乱!!!!!!”

“不是全运会，是人类的奥运会！”

“一流的科技，二流的表演，无流的创意。”

说实话，看完了开幕式，给我留下最深印象的，最有中国味的，是NBC插播的GE广告。不到半分钟，故事讲完了，还能让你回味。

有一点儿需要肯定，预定出场的秦俑在大家的反对下，终于消失了。否则中国元素也太滥了。

投入超过雅典十几倍的资金和人员，花了四年时间，搞出这么一场热闹有余，内涵不足的春晚，只能说明创作者思想的局限和灵感的枯竭。

美国的体育体制

美国联邦政府没有任何部门是与体育有关的。　　美国联邦政府有一个健康与公共事业部（Department of Health and Human Services）可能与体育有那么一丁点儿关系，因为这个部门是主管全民健康的，所以他们也希望通过倡导全民身体锻炼的方式来促进人们的健康，但他们是对全体公民的，并不为运动员服务，而且他们鼓励锻炼的方式是以精神上的鼓励为主，没有金钱上的。比如这个部门下有一个疾病控制与预防中心，该中心联合世界卫生组织、国家癌症协会等健康组织、国际奥委会、FIFA等体育组织搞了一个无烟草运动行动活动，劝说年轻人以运动来取代吸烟行为。　　美国还有一个身体健康和运动总统会议（The Presidents Council on Physical Fitness and Sports，官方网站：http://www.fitness.gov/ ），这是一个顾问委员会性质的组织，由20名志愿者（普通公民）组成，没有工资，每个人任期2年，每年至少召开一次对公众公开的会议，给总统提出一些关于人民健康方面的建议，并提出一些用于促进全体美国公民健康的身体方面的项目计划，这些项目主要是以精神鼓励的方式对人们参加锻炼进行奖励。　　在这个组织的倡导下所建立的项目有：总统挑战（The Presidents Challenge）：一个用来鼓励所有美国人进行经常性的身体锻炼的计划。这个计划中包括积极生活方式总统奖，用来鼓励那些经常锻炼的普通人。从 1966年开始，总统挑战为学生们提供健康嘉奖，由教师、俱乐部、基督教青年会等人和组织来管理和执行。到现在已经有六百万年轻人接受了奖励。项目中还有州优胜者奖，这是一个联合教育部门的，为学校提供的奖励，每年一次，每个州有三个学校获奖，获奖条件是该学校的身体健康总统奖 的获奖人数和学生人数的比例是该州前三强。另一个项目是全国学校示范计划，选出一些身体健康锻炼开展比较好的学校，让其他学校来参观和学习。还有其他一些项目，全部都是用来鼓励人们参与健康锻炼的。请注意这些项目中所提到最多的词是fitness（健康），而sports很少提及。这些奖励都是精神上的鼓励，只是对人们进行锻炼的一种承认和认可。　　不过，由于美国实行的是联邦制，各个州、城市的制度都不太一样，有的城市政府有涉及体育的部门，比如纽约市政府就有纽约体育委员会（官方网站：http://www.nyc.gov/html/sports/html/home.html），但他们的目的是为了发展城市经济、给市民提供参与体育的途径、刺激旅游业的发展，所以他们的主要工作是吸引各种体育比赛和体育活动到纽约举行，说白了，就是鼓励、协助各种体育组织或商业企业在纽约开展体育比赛和活动，劝说、鼓励、协助各种全国性、国际性的比赛到纽约举行，而不是花钱培养运动员出去打比赛为城市争光。由于美国各政府的财务都对外公开，受到各种刁民的严格审议，所以绝不会出现政府花钱为个别人服务的情况。如果有市民愿意花自己的钱去支持运动员或某项体育运动，他可以直接把钱打入那个运动员或体育组织的帐号（许多人就是这样做的，美国各个体育组织包括美国奥委会在内，都对外募款），而用不着要求政府花所有纳税人的钱去支持运动员，如果你认为别人也应该支持运动员，那么你可以建一个类似于支持我们的运动员这样的组织（现实中确实有这个组织，官方网站http://supportourathletes.org/），劝说别人支持运动员并募集资金。　　美国运动员进行训练，参加比赛，政府都不提供费用（如果不信可以看下面的财务报告），最多只提供一些精神上的支持，比如赞扬，邀请访问白宫等（路费也要自己承担）。那么运动员进行训练、比赛的费用从哪来？一是自费，二是体育组织提供费用，而体育组织的钱主要来自于公众捐助和商业经营，如果没有公众捐助和商业赞助，那么就只能依靠会员的会费。美国运动员参加奥运会全部由美国奥委会来经营和管理。美国的政府与民间组织分得十分清楚，互相无关联，更别提资金上的支持。　　美国在1978年通过了一个《业余体育法》(The Amateur Sports Act)，1998年重新修改成了《特德史蒂文斯奥林匹克与业余体育法》(Ted Stevens Olympic and Amateur Sports Act)，下载地址：http://videos.usoc.org/legal/TedStevens.pdf 。该法案规定美国奥委会是具有垄断性的与奥运相关的体育活动的协调机构，对美国参加奥运会的所有事项行使专属管辖权，这就意味着其他任何人、组织、政府都不得插手奥运会的事务。当然，美国奥委会依然是民间机构，法律保护的是其唯一性，而不是意味着它是一个政府机构或者与政府有关的东西。之所以要保护其唯一性，是因为在美国任何人都可以成立组织， 也可以举办体育比赛，美国有各种各样五花八门的体育组织，甚至有北美同性恋排球协会这样的组织（不要以为他们是来搞笑的，虽然规模非常小，但他们是一个正规运作的体育组织，每年都有全国联赛），所以如果没有明确的法律保护，那么后果可想而知。　　美国奥委会的运作资金来自个体公民的捐赠、赞助、特许使用费、商业经营。美国政府不出一分钱（下面有财务报告）。美国奥委会的主要开支是资助奥委会的成员组织（比如举重协会，全部成员组织名单可以在这里查到：http://teamusa.org/ngb/sports），资助运动员，开展奥运集训，出国参加比赛等。美国奥委会及其成员组织的财务全部是对外公开的，在他们网站上可以下载每年的税务报表和年度报告（网址：http://teamusa.org/content/index/1537 ），从中可以很清楚地看到他们的收入和支出情况。例如2004年（也就是雅典奥运会的那年）美国奥委会的财务情况是：　　总收入 2 亿 3966 万美元，其中包括　　- 接受捐赠：2056 万美元（其中有来自政府的一项，数额是空缺，也就是没有）　　- Equity in earnings of OPUS joint venture（这个不知道是什么意思）：3660 万　　- 盐湖城冬季奥运会组织委员会 distributions（大概是主办冬奥会之后剩下的钱的意思）：1156 万　　- 电视转播权费：1 亿 919 万　　- 美国奥委会商标使用权（即允许一些企业比如可口可乐使用奥运标志）：2952 万（这是美国奥委会所得到的 20% 的钱，另外 80% 都给了国际奥委会）　　- 许可费用（即允许一些企业销售带有美国奥委会标志的商品）：901 万　　- 投资收入：2026 万　　- 零售收入（销售T恤衫等等小商品）：30 万　　- 其他：489 万　　总支出 1 亿 1803 万美元，其中包括　　- 会员支持 5815 万。其中，付给旗下的成员组织3349万，付给运动员1195万，给运动员办保险288万（由于美国奥委会是民间组织，运动员一旦出事将会索要巨额赔偿，而政府是不会管的，所以必须办保险以降低风险）　　- 奥林匹克训练中心（用来搞奥运集训）花销 2293 万。其中薪资511万，附加津贴139万，食物服务费用190万，车辆支出68万，租用费104万，场馆、器材折旧费397万，其他还有很多花费较小的项目。　　- 国内活动（举办奥运选拔赛等） 239 万　　- 国际比赛（参加雅典奥运会）1624 万。其中薪资121万，附加津贴30万，飞机等交通费用701万（几百人前往雅典，这个花销是最大的），运动事务支出326万，邮费、运输、搬运费60 万，车辆支出51万，各种租用费88万，其他还有很多花费较小的项目，由于雅典免费提供食物，所以食物支出为零（据说北京奥运不但免费提供食物，还大手笔免除了所有国家的往返飞机以及交通费用，因此今年光是美国就能省下至少800万美元的交通费用）　　- 运动科学研究 368 万　　- 药物控制 370 万　　- 公共关系 230 万　　- 运动医疗 287 万　　- 国际性事务 322 万　　其他还有一些　　注意这些费用都是美国奥委会花掉的钱，不包括运动员自己自费训练时的花费。　　美国奥委会自身的运营支出 4672 万美元 　　总的来说入大于出。可见美国奥委会完全是自主经营、精打细算。　　美国还有众多体育组织，或许我们还应该看看这些组织的财务报告。在美国奥委会的成员组织（比如美国举重协会）网站上，也可以下载到他们的年度税务报表。比如美国举重协会2007年的税务报表是：http://assets.teamusa.org/assets/documents /attached_file/filename/1406/USAW_990_for_2007.pdf 。让我们来看看其中的一些收入和支出情况。　　总收入139万美元，其中包括：　　- 接受捐赠88万美元，其中来自政府的数额是空缺（没有）。　　- 服务收入28万，其中教练培训（意思是有人想当举重教练，交钱给举重协会参加学习）26万，举办活动收入1万5千。　　- 协会会员缴费14万。　　- 商品销售总额15万。　　总支出137万美元，其中包括：　　- 服务费用95万，其中包括给运动员的津贴、比赛奖金，训练营费用，教练费用一共49万，参加国际比赛的费用23万，为会员服务的费用（包括办杂志和网站，补偿地方举重协会参加比赛的费用等）12万，举办国内比赛，举办奥运选拔赛等的费用11万。　　- 经营管理40万　　- 募集资金费用2万6千　　举重在美国是个冷门项目，所以举重组织的经营规模自然是很小，不管有多小，政府都是不管的，一切都要靠自己经营和管理。我们可以看出美国的体育制度大概就是没有制度，一切随着自然发展，不刻意。在苏联等国家实行举国体育制度之前，美国一直是举重金牌大户。